Hmm, that’s strange! I just tested on a Mac Studio running macOS Ventura 13.6.1, and I’m not seeing this issue. I’ve tried Dark Mode and Light Mode, and… — oh, wait, I’m able to reproduce it now! It happens when I turn on the “Increase Contrast” option in System Settings > Accessibility > Display. (That seems like the opposite of what I would expect to happen there!) If I turn off that option, the title text displays fine.
It looks like this is an accessibility bug that has been fixed in macOS Sonoma, because I’m not seeing the behavior there no matter how my preferences are set. (And we’re using a system color there!)